1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:28,830 [Music] 2 00:00:28,840 --> 00:00:33,840 so 3 00:02:09,140 --> 00:01:40,540 [Music] 4 00:02:19,560 --> 00:02:09,150 do 5 00:02:49,840 --> 00:02:20,830 [Music] 6 00:03:30,830 --> 00:02:49,850 so 7 00:04:12,830 --> 00:03:30,840 [Music] 8 00:04:12,840 --> 00:04:18,769 done 9 00:05:18,469 --> 00:04:38,910 [Music] 10 00:05:22,390 --> 00:05:21,670 i see pictures of coastal inundation and 11 00:05:24,790 --> 00:05:22,400 flooding 12 00:05:25,990 --> 00:05:24,800 what might happen in the next hundred 13 00:05:29,510 --> 00:05:26,000 years with 14 00:05:31,590 --> 00:05:29,520 the 200 million plus people who live 15 00:05:33,350 --> 00:05:31,600 in those low-lying coastal areas all 16 00:05:36,550 --> 00:05:33,360 across the globe 17 00:05:37,670 --> 00:05:36,560 my name is barack vase and i do anything 18 00:05:40,790 --> 00:05:37,680 and everything 19 00:05:41,670 --> 00:05:40,800 that's needed to make sentinel 6 project 20 00:05:44,550 --> 00:05:41,680 successful 21 00:05:45,270 --> 00:05:44,560 sentinel 6 is all about water so this is 22 00:06:03,430 --> 00:05:45,280 a 23 00:06:05,830 --> 00:06:03,440 behind this 24 00:06:08,870 --> 00:06:05,840 goes back 30 years i've worked on topex 25 00:06:09,670 --> 00:06:08,880 poseidon jason 1 jason 2 jason 3 and now 26 00:06:12,230 --> 00:06:09,680 sentinel 6. 27 00:06:12,950 --> 00:06:12,240 all of them are the same series of 28 00:06:15,830 --> 00:06:12,960 missions 29 00:06:17,029 --> 00:06:15,840 it's a great feeling of satisfaction i 30 00:06:19,909 --> 00:06:17,039 had aspirations 31 00:06:20,790 --> 00:06:19,919 right from childhood that somehow work 32 00:06:23,749 --> 00:06:20,800 in the space 33 00:06:24,629 --> 00:06:23,759 industry i knew that i wanted to work in 34 00:06:27,270 --> 00:06:24,639 something that made 35 00:06:28,950 --> 00:06:27,280 a difference this is the room where we 36 00:06:30,230 --> 00:06:28,960 developed integrated tested the sentinel 37 00:06:32,390 --> 00:06:30,240 6 instruments and then 38 00:06:33,990 --> 00:06:32,400 right here is where we packed it up also 39 00:06:36,870 --> 00:06:34,000 before we shipped it to germany 40 00:06:38,309 --> 00:06:36,880 seeing that come to fruition is a 41 00:06:40,870 --> 00:06:38,319 personal satisfaction 42 00:06:42,950 --> 00:06:40,880 and an emotional satisfaction the 43 00:06:43,830 --> 00:06:42,960 importance of this project and where it 44 00:06:46,830 --> 00:06:43,840 touches 45 00:06:49,470 --> 00:06:46,840 is on all walks of life all across the 46 00:06:54,710 --> 00:06:49,480 world 47 00:06:59,589 --> 00:06:57,749 welcome everyone i'm marina with nasa's 48 00:07:02,469 --> 00:06:59,599 jet propulsion laboratory 49 00:07:04,790 --> 00:07:02,479 in southern california you may know nasa 50 00:07:07,270 --> 00:07:04,800 best for exploring other planets 51 00:07:09,029 --> 00:07:07,280 but we are also keeping a close eye on 52 00:07:11,589 --> 00:07:09,039 our own planet earth 53 00:07:13,990 --> 00:07:11,599 nasa is about to launch the u.s and 54 00:07:14,790 --> 00:07:14,000 european sentinel 6 michael freilix 55 00:07:17,830 --> 00:07:14,800 satellite 56 00:07:20,790 --> 00:07:17,840 accurate data 57 00:07:21,430 --> 00:07:20,800 yet on sea level and how it changes over 58 00:07:23,830 --> 00:07:21,440 time 59 00:07:25,749 --> 00:07:23,840 jpl manages the sentinel 6 michael 60 00:07:28,629 --> 00:07:25,759 freilick mission for nasa 61 00:07:30,390 --> 00:07:28,639 program manager perroc vase is not only 62 00:07:33,350 --> 00:07:30,400 in charge of the sentinel 6 63 00:07:35,029 --> 00:07:33,360 satellite operations here at nasa jpl he 64 00:07:37,749 --> 00:07:35,039 has spent his entire 65 00:07:38,870 --> 00:07:37,759 30-year career studying the earth's 66 00:07:40,790 --> 00:07:38,880 rising ocean 67 00:07:42,629 --> 00:07:40,800 and is excited for this satellite to 68 00:07:45,110 --> 00:07:42,639 continue that legacy 69 00:07:46,309 --> 00:07:45,120 he joins us live today to answer some of 70 00:07:47,830 --> 00:07:46,319 your questions 71 00:07:49,670 --> 00:07:47,840 if you have any questions you'd like to 72 00:07:50,309 --> 00:07:49,680 ask you can leave them right here in the 73 00:07:52,309 --> 00:07:50,319 comments 74 00:07:54,550 --> 00:07:52,319 or post them to social media with the 75 00:07:58,469 --> 00:07:54,560 hashtag seeingthesees 76 00:08:01,350 --> 00:07:58,479 thanks so much for joining us today frog 77 00:08:02,390 --> 00:08:01,360 thank you i'm really happy to be here 78 00:08:06,390 --> 00:08:02,400 and um 79 00:08:08,550 --> 00:08:06,400 would love to to talk with everybody and 80 00:08:10,230 --> 00:08:08,560 give some feedback on on what it's been 81 00:08:12,710 --> 00:08:10,240 like to to work on these missions and 82 00:08:14,710 --> 00:08:12,720 especially looking forward to the launch 83 00:08:17,189 --> 00:08:14,720 of sentinel 6. 84 00:08:18,390 --> 00:08:17,199 we all are can't wait until november 85 00:08:19,749 --> 00:08:18,400 10th now perrag 86 00:08:22,070 --> 00:08:19,759 i know you've been involved with the 87 00:08:22,629 --> 00:08:22,080 mission studying sea level for 30 years 88 00:08:24,550 --> 00:08:22,639 now 89 00:08:27,110 --> 00:08:24,560 why is it so important to have this 90 00:08:29,749 --> 00:08:27,120 consistent and continuous record of sea 91 00:08:32,389 --> 00:08:29,759 level changes 92 00:08:34,070 --> 00:08:32,399 yeah it's really really important to 93 00:08:36,949 --> 00:08:34,080 know what's happening 94 00:08:37,589 --> 00:08:36,959 uh you know all the time because even 95 00:08:39,589 --> 00:08:37,599 though 96 00:08:41,829 --> 00:08:39,599 we know the oceans are changing they're 97 00:08:43,430 --> 00:08:41,839 changing slowly but they are changing 98 00:08:45,430 --> 00:08:43,440 and rising but 99 00:08:47,910 --> 00:08:45,440 things are going up and down and those 100 00:08:49,829 --> 00:08:47,920 ups and downs as it's rising 101 00:08:50,949 --> 00:08:49,839 is very very important because it tells 102 00:08:53,030 --> 00:08:50,959 us what's 103 00:08:56,790 --> 00:08:53,040 also happening in other parts of the 104 00:08:59,750 --> 00:08:56,800 world including what's happening across 105 00:09:00,630 --> 00:08:59,760 ice sheets or other terrestrial surfaces 106 00:09:02,870 --> 00:09:00,640 so 107 00:09:03,829 --> 00:09:02,880 really understanding and monitoring 108 00:09:06,829 --> 00:09:03,839 closely 109 00:09:08,630 --> 00:09:06,839 that trend continuously is very 110 00:09:11,430 --> 00:09:08,640 important 111 00:09:11,910 --> 00:09:11,440 and what's great is sentinel 6 it will 112 00:09:13,590 --> 00:09:11,920 be 113 00:09:15,990 --> 00:09:13,600 offering us another 10 years of 114 00:09:17,430 --> 00:09:16,000 observations so that's incredible 115 00:09:18,790 --> 00:09:17,440 tell me a little bit about what you 116 00:09:21,430 --> 00:09:18,800 think the neatest thing about this 117 00:09:23,829 --> 00:09:21,440 spacecraft is 118 00:09:24,630 --> 00:09:23,839 yeah so i think um first of all it's 119 00:09:26,870 --> 00:09:24,640 it's uh 120 00:09:28,949 --> 00:09:26,880 sort of the genesis of of the of the 121 00:09:29,829 --> 00:09:28,959 spacecraft itself it's really the story 122 00:09:32,550 --> 00:09:29,839 behind 123 00:09:34,630 --> 00:09:32,560 uh the building of it and um building 124 00:09:37,269 --> 00:09:34,640 first that partnership um 125 00:09:38,550 --> 00:09:37,279 with with isa and the european space 126 00:09:41,190 --> 00:09:38,560 agency you met said 127 00:09:42,389 --> 00:09:41,200 others uh to build this uh this 128 00:09:45,350 --> 00:09:42,399 continuity mission 129 00:09:45,670 --> 00:09:45,360 um is a challenge itself but uh you know 130 00:09:48,310 --> 00:09:45,680 the 131 00:09:49,430 --> 00:09:48,320 engineering that's gone behind uh 132 00:09:51,590 --> 00:09:49,440 building this 133 00:09:53,590 --> 00:09:51,600 and really looking at what's happening 134 00:09:54,389 --> 00:09:53,600 uh to to maintain these precise 135 00:09:56,150 --> 00:09:54,399 measurements 136 00:09:57,990 --> 00:09:56,160 and to do it better uh you know on 137 00:10:00,630 --> 00:09:58,000 sentinel six we want to continue it 138 00:10:02,470 --> 00:10:00,640 and do it better get get uh better uh 139 00:10:04,790 --> 00:10:02,480 resolution better accuracies 140 00:10:06,470 --> 00:10:04,800 and and much more uh close uh 141 00:10:07,430 --> 00:10:06,480 observations of what's happening on the 142 00:10:09,269 --> 00:10:07,440 coast so 143 00:10:10,550 --> 00:10:09,279 really understanding um you know what it 144 00:10:12,630 --> 00:10:10,560 takes to build 145 00:10:13,750 --> 00:10:12,640 such a system and really make it 146 00:10:16,389 --> 00:10:13,760 operational 147 00:10:17,509 --> 00:10:16,399 uh so that we can have data out there is 148 00:10:19,590 --> 00:10:17,519 is extremely 149 00:10:22,150 --> 00:10:19,600 challenging and extremely exciting and 150 00:10:24,150 --> 00:10:22,160 fulfilling 151 00:10:26,310 --> 00:10:24,160 what has it meant for you personally to 152 00:10:29,269 --> 00:10:26,320 have been on this journey now for 153 00:10:30,949 --> 00:10:29,279 30 years with this legacy of satellites 154 00:10:34,550 --> 00:10:30,959 basically your entire career 155 00:10:36,870 --> 00:10:34,560 did you think this is where you would be 156 00:10:38,470 --> 00:10:36,880 yeah i did not think uh this is where i 157 00:10:41,590 --> 00:10:38,480 would be i knew that um 158 00:10:43,990 --> 00:10:41,600 i was excited to work at 159 00:10:45,030 --> 00:10:44,000 the original contractor uh fairchild 160 00:10:48,069 --> 00:10:45,040 space which which 161 00:10:49,670 --> 00:10:48,079 uh built topex poseidon but 162 00:10:51,350 --> 00:10:49,680 you know as i was working on it i really 163 00:10:53,750 --> 00:10:51,360 didn't understand uh 164 00:10:54,790 --> 00:10:53,760 you know how uh how this was going to 165 00:10:56,310 --> 00:10:54,800 make a difference and 166 00:10:59,030 --> 00:10:56,320 as i continued working on it and 167 00:10:59,670 --> 00:10:59,040 particularly as i came to jpl to support 168 00:11:01,829 --> 00:10:59,680 that 169 00:11:03,030 --> 00:11:01,839 i i think i got a much better picture of 170 00:11:05,430 --> 00:11:03,040 the whole picture 171 00:11:06,389 --> 00:11:05,440 and got to work with uh you know all of 172 00:11:09,030 --> 00:11:06,399 the people 173 00:11:09,670 --> 00:11:09,040 that it takes to make this whole 174 00:11:11,990 --> 00:11:09,680 measurement 175 00:11:13,030 --> 00:11:12,000 um fulfilling including the end users 176 00:11:15,350 --> 00:11:13,040 scientists 177 00:11:16,230 --> 00:11:15,360 and and and understanding that really 178 00:11:19,350 --> 00:11:16,240 made it 179 00:11:20,550 --> 00:11:19,360 um a passion of mine to not only build 180 00:11:23,269 --> 00:11:20,560 these kinds of uh 181 00:11:24,230 --> 00:11:23,279 of missions uh but really be able to see 182 00:11:27,350 --> 00:11:24,240 them succeed 183 00:11:29,910 --> 00:11:27,360 and deliver and um you know uh 184 00:11:31,269 --> 00:11:29,920 help uh what's going to be happening uh 185 00:11:33,990 --> 00:11:31,279 in in understanding 186 00:11:35,190 --> 00:11:34,000 uh the future of our planet so it's that 187 00:11:37,110 --> 00:11:35,200 really has uh 188 00:11:38,870 --> 00:11:37,120 been my passion in bringing these 189 00:11:42,069 --> 00:11:38,880 missions and continuing them 190 00:11:43,670 --> 00:11:42,079 uh for the future 191 00:11:45,269 --> 00:11:43,680 that's so wonderful prague and i know 192 00:11:47,030 --> 00:11:45,279 when we've had our conversations before 193 00:11:47,910 --> 00:11:47,040 you told me that there's this global 194 00:11:50,310 --> 00:11:47,920 community 195 00:11:54,069 --> 00:11:50,320 that uses the data from this satellite 196 00:11:56,230 --> 00:11:54,079 and it impacts each and every one of us 197 00:11:58,550 --> 00:11:56,240 yeah we've been um we've been fortunate 198 00:12:00,550 --> 00:11:58,560 to to be able to to work uh particularly 199 00:12:03,750 --> 00:12:00,560 as i've i've done for the last uh 200 00:12:05,509 --> 00:12:03,760 uh 20 to 30 years that uh you know as i 201 00:12:06,550 --> 00:12:05,519 not only meet the scientists i actually 202 00:12:09,509 --> 00:12:06,560 meet people 203 00:12:10,150 --> 00:12:09,519 who are using uh the data or i meet 204 00:12:13,269 --> 00:12:10,160 people 205 00:12:15,110 --> 00:12:13,279 at different agencies who are are using 206 00:12:17,590 --> 00:12:15,120 the data in ways that i never 207 00:12:18,389 --> 00:12:17,600 imagined we always talk about sea level 208 00:12:20,629 --> 00:12:18,399 but 209 00:12:23,509 --> 00:12:20,639 you know people come up to me as we're 210 00:12:26,790 --> 00:12:23,519 doing open houses or as we're 211 00:12:27,509 --> 00:12:26,800 talking to other agencies and they say 212 00:12:29,430 --> 00:12:27,519 hey 213 00:12:30,550 --> 00:12:29,440 i'm using the data that you're you're 214 00:12:33,590 --> 00:12:30,560 supplying 215 00:12:36,710 --> 00:12:33,600 and i'm using it you know as i'm 216 00:12:38,069 --> 00:12:36,720 planning my my fishing trips or 217 00:12:40,150 --> 00:12:38,079 companies tell us you know they're 218 00:12:41,590 --> 00:12:40,160 they're using it uh to plan 219 00:12:43,110 --> 00:12:41,600 um you know how they're gonna be 220 00:12:43,750 --> 00:12:43,120 managing their fisheries and other 221 00:12:48,150 --> 00:12:43,760 things 222 00:12:51,110 --> 00:12:48,160 um so it's it's amazing the kinds of 223 00:12:51,990 --> 00:12:51,120 applications and the applications 224 00:12:54,629 --> 00:12:52,000 throughout the world 225 00:12:55,910 --> 00:12:54,639 i i haven't i've seen every corner of 226 00:12:59,269 --> 00:12:55,920 the world 227 00:13:01,110 --> 00:12:59,279 right from australia vietnam you know 228 00:13:01,990 --> 00:13:01,120 rich countries poor countries it doesn't 229 00:13:04,310 --> 00:13:02,000 matter 230 00:13:06,069 --> 00:13:04,320 people are interested in using this data 231 00:13:10,310 --> 00:13:06,079 especially since our goal is to make 232 00:13:12,949 --> 00:13:10,320 it uh free and accessible to everybody 233 00:13:14,710 --> 00:13:12,959 that's so amazing and it's so impactful 234 00:13:16,389 --> 00:13:14,720 to each and every one of us well let's 235 00:13:17,670 --> 00:13:16,399 get over to the social media questions 236 00:13:20,710 --> 00:13:17,680 now parag 237 00:13:23,829 --> 00:13:20,720 nerdless on twitter asks it seems to me 238 00:13:26,949 --> 00:13:23,839 that the accuracy of a few centimeters 239 00:13:28,069 --> 00:13:26,959 that sentinel-6 is capable of will not 240 00:13:30,310 --> 00:13:28,079 be able to detect 241 00:13:32,710 --> 00:13:30,320 millimeter changes over its five-year 242 00:13:38,790 --> 00:13:36,230 yeah so um it you know we're not taking 243 00:13:39,670 --> 00:13:38,800 one direct measurement um i mean a lot 244 00:13:41,829 --> 00:13:39,680 of this 245 00:13:43,750 --> 00:13:41,839 uh these measurements that we're doing 246 00:13:46,150 --> 00:13:43,760 are are taken continuously 247 00:13:47,670 --> 00:13:46,160 and uh you know scientists are really 248 00:13:51,189 --> 00:13:47,680 looking at 249 00:13:53,590 --> 00:13:51,199 trends so 250 00:13:54,550 --> 00:13:53,600 those sorts of trends with those sorts 251 00:13:58,230 --> 00:13:54,560 of algorithms and 252 00:14:00,150 --> 00:13:58,240 averaging and analysis sometimes we even 253 00:14:02,310 --> 00:14:00,160 improve the algorithms that we are 254 00:14:03,350 --> 00:14:02,320 applying as we're learning um you know 255 00:14:04,790 --> 00:14:03,360 the behavior 256 00:14:06,389 --> 00:14:04,800 of our of our instruments and 257 00:14:08,629 --> 00:14:06,399 measurements and we come back and 258 00:14:09,509 --> 00:14:08,639 reprocess that data so as we look at the 259 00:14:12,230 --> 00:14:09,519 data 260 00:14:12,550 --> 00:14:12,240 uh you know not on a snapshot of what we 261 00:14:15,269 --> 00:14:12,560 took 262 00:14:16,069 --> 00:14:15,279 but uh you know months if sometimes even 263 00:14:18,790 --> 00:14:16,079 years of 264 00:14:20,069 --> 00:14:18,800 of data we are able to really look at 265 00:14:22,629 --> 00:14:20,079 millimeter types 266 00:14:24,310 --> 00:14:22,639 you know sort of uh trends which is 267 00:14:26,150 --> 00:14:24,320 really what uh 268 00:14:28,790 --> 00:14:26,160 uh you know drives our ability to 269 00:14:31,590 --> 00:14:28,800 understand uh things like acceleration 270 00:14:33,670 --> 00:14:31,600 uh not only how much it's uh uh it's 271 00:14:35,750 --> 00:14:33,680 grown but how how quickly it's growing 272 00:14:37,910 --> 00:14:35,760 which which can be in in millimeter type 273 00:14:39,829 --> 00:14:37,920 scales 274 00:14:42,230 --> 00:14:39,839 and then letting us know how we need to 275 00:14:45,110 --> 00:14:42,240 react brandon on twitter asks 276 00:14:48,310 --> 00:14:45,120 what will it be seeing when orbiting 277 00:14:52,629 --> 00:14:50,629 yeah so um you know we are uh we're 278 00:14:56,230 --> 00:14:52,639 running the instrument in the satellite 279 00:14:58,150 --> 00:14:56,240 all the time including over land um 280 00:14:59,990 --> 00:14:58,160 but uh you know one of the things we 281 00:15:01,430 --> 00:15:00,000 have been improving over time of course 282 00:15:02,710 --> 00:15:01,440 we want to measure what's happening in 283 00:15:04,870 --> 00:15:02,720 our open oceans 284 00:15:06,310 --> 00:15:04,880 but uh this same kind of technique also 285 00:15:10,069 --> 00:15:06,320 gives us data 286 00:15:10,629 --> 00:15:10,079 as we fly over uh other uh water bodies 287 00:15:12,629 --> 00:15:10,639 you know 288 00:15:13,670 --> 00:15:12,639 particularly large rivers lakes 289 00:15:16,790 --> 00:15:13,680 reservoirs 290 00:15:18,629 --> 00:15:16,800 uh and as time has gone on uh you know 291 00:15:20,710 --> 00:15:18,639 our teams have put together 292 00:15:22,790 --> 00:15:20,720 uh algorithms to really be able to 293 00:15:25,590 --> 00:15:22,800 understand those returns 294 00:15:27,110 --> 00:15:25,600 uh and also be able to to provide some 295 00:15:30,629 --> 00:15:27,120 measurements of what's happening 296 00:15:33,870 --> 00:15:33,269 and bonita on facebook asks do you have 297 00:15:36,949 --> 00:15:33,880 certain 298 00:15:37,590 --> 00:15:36,959 expectations from ground research which 299 00:15:39,829 --> 00:15:37,600 you hope 300 00:15:42,550 --> 00:15:39,839 to be confirmed with data from the 301 00:15:47,030 --> 00:15:45,749 yeah so i think um you know uh getting 302 00:15:48,550 --> 00:15:47,040 these kinds of measurements somebody 303 00:15:50,710 --> 00:15:48,560 else was asking you know how do we 304 00:15:52,470 --> 00:15:50,720 look at uh centimetric or even 305 00:15:55,670 --> 00:15:52,480 millimeter types of 306 00:15:56,389 --> 00:15:55,680 scales and and part of that of course is 307 00:15:59,030 --> 00:15:56,399 um 308 00:16:00,230 --> 00:15:59,040 uh is what we're doing on the ground on 309 00:16:03,350 --> 00:16:00,240 on being able to 310 00:16:05,269 --> 00:16:03,360 to calibrate and validate it uh the data 311 00:16:08,310 --> 00:16:05,279 there's a calibration function 312 00:16:09,590 --> 00:16:08,320 uh where we might have specific features 313 00:16:13,030 --> 00:16:09,600 or targets that we 314 00:16:15,110 --> 00:16:13,040 we set up to be able to uh understand 315 00:16:17,430 --> 00:16:15,120 and calibrate exactly how 316 00:16:18,710 --> 00:16:17,440 good and and correctly we're making 317 00:16:19,910 --> 00:16:18,720 these measurements and then we have 318 00:16:22,150 --> 00:16:19,920 other campaigns 319 00:16:23,110 --> 00:16:22,160 where we're looking at validating that 320 00:16:25,590 --> 00:16:23,120 data we're using 321 00:16:27,749 --> 00:16:25,600 all kinds of uh you know ground-based or 322 00:16:31,350 --> 00:16:27,759 in-situ techniques right from 323 00:16:34,470 --> 00:16:31,360 ships to underwater gliders 324 00:16:35,749 --> 00:16:34,480 to moorings to all sorts of 325 00:16:37,350 --> 00:16:35,759 measurements and we're also taking 326 00:16:39,110 --> 00:16:37,360 measurements and looking at uh 327 00:16:41,030 --> 00:16:39,120 measurements from other satellites 328 00:16:43,350 --> 00:16:41,040 and combining all of these together we 329 00:16:46,870 --> 00:16:43,360 have a large science team who 330 00:16:50,230 --> 00:16:46,880 really helps uh to look at all this data 331 00:16:51,269 --> 00:16:50,240 combine it analyze it and and ultimately 332 00:16:53,030 --> 00:16:51,279 validate it 333 00:16:55,749 --> 00:16:53,040 so that we're uh we're able to really 334 00:16:57,430 --> 00:16:55,759 rely and and trust this uh 335 00:17:00,150 --> 00:16:57,440 this measurement and and the products 336 00:17:02,870 --> 00:17:00,160 that we're putting out 337 00:17:04,549 --> 00:17:02,880 and i think it's really fascinating how 338 00:17:07,350 --> 00:17:04,559 the altimeter works 339 00:17:07,909 --> 00:17:07,360 and stella c who's a fourth grader hey 340 00:17:10,710 --> 00:17:07,919 stella 341 00:17:11,270 --> 00:17:10,720 wants to know on youtube how can you 342 00:17:15,029 --> 00:17:11,280 measure 343 00:17:20,789 --> 00:17:18,069 yeah so um so stella is really great uh 344 00:17:21,189 --> 00:17:20,799 to hear you ask that question because um 345 00:17:27,270 --> 00:17:21,199 it's 346 00:17:28,390 --> 00:17:27,280 simple technique in in in principle 347 00:17:30,870 --> 00:17:28,400 because um 348 00:17:32,070 --> 00:17:30,880 really what we're doing um just like uh 349 00:17:34,070 --> 00:17:32,080 if you had your 350 00:17:36,070 --> 00:17:34,080 your cell phone or anything else that's 351 00:17:39,110 --> 00:17:36,080 uh really working wirelessly 352 00:17:40,230 --> 00:17:39,120 we're transmitting a basically a radio 353 00:17:43,510 --> 00:17:40,240 signal 354 00:17:45,750 --> 00:17:43,520 from space and just like you you might 355 00:17:47,750 --> 00:17:45,760 receive a signal back again on your 356 00:17:48,789 --> 00:17:47,760 radio and maybe now on on the internet 357 00:17:51,350 --> 00:17:48,799 or other ways 358 00:17:53,669 --> 00:17:51,360 um we're really trying to measure uh 359 00:17:56,870 --> 00:17:53,679 once that signal bounces off 360 00:17:57,270 --> 00:17:56,880 a surface like the ocean uh how long it 361 00:18:00,470 --> 00:17:57,280 takes 362 00:18:02,310 --> 00:18:00,480 to to receive that now you can do that 363 00:18:04,150 --> 00:18:02,320 very very simply and get a crude 364 00:18:07,510 --> 00:18:04,160 measurement but we are trying to do it 365 00:18:08,230 --> 00:18:07,520 very very precisely uh so we're we're 366 00:18:10,950 --> 00:18:08,240 trying to 367 00:18:12,070 --> 00:18:10,960 to basically use that same technique and 368 00:18:15,430 --> 00:18:12,080 really analyze 369 00:18:17,270 --> 00:18:15,440 closely how that signal is being 370 00:18:20,789 --> 00:18:17,280 reflected how long it takes 371 00:18:23,270 --> 00:18:20,799 and what it looks like and and with that 372 00:18:23,830 --> 00:18:23,280 basic principle we're able to make this 373 00:18:25,830 --> 00:18:23,840 measurement 374 00:18:26,870 --> 00:18:25,840 and and of course we've improved that 375 00:18:28,950 --> 00:18:26,880 over time 376 00:18:30,070 --> 00:18:28,960 not just in the last 30 years but things 377 00:18:33,990 --> 00:18:30,080 have been 378 00:18:37,510 --> 00:18:35,990 and going back to what you touched on 379 00:18:40,070 --> 00:18:37,520 just a little bit ago prague 380 00:18:42,070 --> 00:18:40,080 when it comes to this global community 381 00:18:42,390 --> 00:18:42,080 that you'd like to offer this data up 382 00:18:45,830 --> 00:18:42,400 for 383 00:18:48,150 --> 00:18:45,840 peter on youtube remarks what are some 384 00:18:50,870 --> 00:18:48,160 of the future applications you hope for 385 00:18:54,230 --> 00:18:50,880 with this data 386 00:18:56,310 --> 00:18:54,240 yeah so um let me uh before i answer 387 00:18:58,150 --> 00:18:56,320 exactly that question 388 00:18:59,830 --> 00:18:58,160 somebody asked me a while back you know 389 00:19:02,710 --> 00:18:59,840 what was the most 390 00:19:03,510 --> 00:19:02,720 unique and unexpected application of of 391 00:19:06,070 --> 00:19:03,520 this data 392 00:19:07,110 --> 00:19:06,080 and a few years ago i think everybody 393 00:19:11,110 --> 00:19:07,120 knows 394 00:19:12,950 --> 00:19:11,120 about the mh370 um disappearance of of 395 00:19:16,549 --> 00:19:12,960 the malaysian airlines uh 396 00:19:18,470 --> 00:19:16,559 uh jet and i was amazed to see 397 00:19:20,310 --> 00:19:18,480 how much um you know the australian 398 00:19:23,350 --> 00:19:20,320 agencies uh which we 399 00:19:25,909 --> 00:19:23,360 work with as one of our users 400 00:19:27,990 --> 00:19:25,919 uh had used this data to really map out 401 00:19:30,070 --> 00:19:28,000 what's happening with the ocean 402 00:19:31,190 --> 00:19:30,080 and applying it to even that mystery i 403 00:19:33,669 --> 00:19:31,200 hope one day 404 00:19:34,390 --> 00:19:33,679 they totally solved that mystery but uh 405 00:19:38,070 --> 00:19:34,400 you know there's 406 00:19:40,470 --> 00:19:38,080 applications i was talking to another uh 407 00:19:41,510 --> 00:19:40,480 representative of an ngo who was telling 408 00:19:44,630 --> 00:19:41,520 me hey 409 00:19:45,669 --> 00:19:44,640 um waterborne disease is is a big thing 410 00:19:49,990 --> 00:19:45,679 that they're working on 411 00:19:52,789 --> 00:19:50,000 and they love to help the the world uh 412 00:19:55,110 --> 00:19:52,799 community on that and understanding how 413 00:19:57,350 --> 00:19:55,120 water moves how it changes 414 00:19:58,630 --> 00:19:57,360 i never imagined that that's one of the 415 00:20:01,510 --> 00:19:58,640 things that 416 00:20:03,270 --> 00:20:01,520 could be helpful to that community to 417 00:20:06,710 --> 00:20:03,280 understand for example how 418 00:20:07,990 --> 00:20:06,720 waterborne disease spreads changes and 419 00:20:09,510 --> 00:20:08,000 changes over time 420 00:20:11,029 --> 00:20:09,520 and maybe again it's something that 421 00:20:13,990 --> 00:20:11,039 could be used to 422 00:20:17,510 --> 00:20:14,000 improve even in those areas which i 423 00:20:22,029 --> 00:20:20,549 yes now shea on facebook asks could you 424 00:20:23,750 --> 00:20:22,039 talk a little bit about your 425 00:20:26,149 --> 00:20:23,760 pre-industry life 426 00:20:28,470 --> 00:20:26,159 for example how did you end up with such 427 00:20:32,390 --> 00:20:28,480 an exciting job 428 00:20:33,190 --> 00:20:32,400 yeah so um i i would say my personal 429 00:20:35,350 --> 00:20:33,200 experience is 430 00:20:36,310 --> 00:20:35,360 um you know the small small events you 431 00:20:39,669 --> 00:20:36,320 know make uh 432 00:20:41,510 --> 00:20:39,679 make big changes um i uh i did have a 433 00:20:44,149 --> 00:20:41,520 fascination with uh 434 00:20:45,270 --> 00:20:44,159 working in this uh in this area but i 435 00:20:47,270 --> 00:20:45,280 didn't have uh 436 00:20:48,789 --> 00:20:47,280 you know a 20-year plan that i had 437 00:20:51,909 --> 00:20:48,799 planned right from uh 438 00:20:53,750 --> 00:20:51,919 from uh university but uh i i knew 439 00:20:56,950 --> 00:20:53,760 people who worked in this industry 440 00:20:58,149 --> 00:20:56,960 and particularly um at that time i was 441 00:20:59,110 --> 00:20:58,159 fascinated with 442 00:21:01,510 --> 00:20:59,120 satellite and satellite 443 00:21:02,710 --> 00:21:01,520 telecommunications so i actually first 444 00:21:05,750 --> 00:21:02,720 started working 445 00:21:08,230 --> 00:21:05,760 uh very very briefly uh in in the 446 00:21:10,549 --> 00:21:08,240 satellite telecommunications industry 447 00:21:11,990 --> 00:21:10,559 and and learned a bit more about how uh 448 00:21:14,710 --> 00:21:12,000 things work 449 00:21:16,310 --> 00:21:14,720 but then i was fortunate uh maybe 450 00:21:19,029 --> 00:21:16,320 through a life circumstance because 451 00:21:20,149 --> 00:21:19,039 actually our company uh was was bought 452 00:21:21,750 --> 00:21:20,159 out and merged 453 00:21:24,149 --> 00:21:21,760 and and i was looking for better 454 00:21:26,710 --> 00:21:24,159 opportunities and i was really lucky to 455 00:21:28,870 --> 00:21:26,720 be able to find one um at fairchild 456 00:21:30,149 --> 00:21:28,880 uh but the second part is really again 457 00:21:34,549 --> 00:21:30,159 in 458 00:21:36,630 --> 00:21:34,559 be able to work with people who 459 00:21:37,750 --> 00:21:36,640 really mentored me and and guided me 460 00:21:40,950 --> 00:21:37,760 along the way 461 00:21:43,270 --> 00:21:40,960 uh so i think uh that effort and 462 00:21:47,350 --> 00:21:43,280 perseverance and persistence 463 00:21:49,669 --> 00:21:47,360 does pay off in one form or another 464 00:21:51,430 --> 00:21:49,679 and speaking of that guidance parag you 465 00:21:53,590 --> 00:21:51,440 were friends with the late dr michael 466 00:21:56,710 --> 00:21:53,600 freilich whom this satellite is 467 00:21:58,230 --> 00:21:56,720 named for that was a really incredible 468 00:22:01,270 --> 00:21:58,240 day then we all found out that it was 469 00:22:03,190 --> 00:22:01,280 going to be named after him 470 00:22:04,950 --> 00:22:03,200 yeah it's um it was definitely an 471 00:22:06,710 --> 00:22:04,960 incredible day and um 472 00:22:08,789 --> 00:22:06,720 you know one of the most deserving 473 00:22:12,070 --> 00:22:08,799 people that i would thank for this honor 474 00:22:14,230 --> 00:22:12,080 um he was i certainly worked with 475 00:22:16,950 --> 00:22:14,240 him over the course of many years um he 476 00:22:19,190 --> 00:22:16,960 has some history even at jpl even before 477 00:22:21,350 --> 00:22:19,200 uh some of the the altimetry projects 478 00:22:25,430 --> 00:22:21,360 but uh you know mike had 479 00:22:26,390 --> 00:22:25,440 um he led by example uh so i i think you 480 00:22:30,310 --> 00:22:26,400 know my 481 00:22:30,630 --> 00:22:30,320 most um uh memories in terms of getting 482 00:22:33,830 --> 00:22:30,640 uh 483 00:22:34,870 --> 00:22:33,840 personal advice um was really by by 484 00:22:37,909 --> 00:22:34,880 example 485 00:22:40,710 --> 00:22:37,919 and uh and guidance as we went through 486 00:22:42,470 --> 00:22:40,720 working um you know on these missions 487 00:22:44,950 --> 00:22:42,480 things don't always go 488 00:22:46,549 --> 00:22:44,960 uh smoothly and and things don't always 489 00:22:50,470 --> 00:22:46,559 go exactly to plan 490 00:22:53,510 --> 00:22:50,480 uh you know he was always um very um 491 00:22:56,230 --> 00:22:53,520 uh you know systematic at looking at 492 00:22:57,990 --> 00:22:56,240 whatever our challenge might be and um 493 00:23:00,630 --> 00:22:58,000 and and being part of the team 494 00:23:02,230 --> 00:23:00,640 to help us solve it um and and really 495 00:23:05,430 --> 00:23:02,240 that was an inspiration 496 00:23:07,029 --> 00:23:05,440 uh not only uh in terms of building and 497 00:23:07,990 --> 00:23:07,039 and promoting these programs for the 498 00:23:10,950 --> 00:23:08,000 future but 499 00:23:11,990 --> 00:23:10,960 really motivating the the uh the teams 500 00:23:15,190 --> 00:23:12,000 that are behind it 501 00:23:18,870 --> 00:23:15,200 um by by example mike was definitely a 502 00:23:22,230 --> 00:23:18,880 a a very um great spirit 503 00:23:25,909 --> 00:23:22,240 in terms of conveying that 504 00:23:28,070 --> 00:23:25,919 samiksha on facebook asks what are major 505 00:23:28,549 --> 00:23:28,080 observations that you would like to 506 00:23:31,029 --> 00:23:28,559 share 507 00:23:31,990 --> 00:23:31,039 when you started working on satellites 508 00:23:35,190 --> 00:23:32,000 then 509 00:23:40,549 --> 00:23:38,230 yeah i i think um you know uh 510 00:23:42,310 --> 00:23:40,559 the the satellite industry and the and 511 00:23:44,470 --> 00:23:42,320 satellite technology existed 512 00:23:45,510 --> 00:23:44,480 of course 30 years back um so that that 513 00:23:48,870 --> 00:23:45,520 wasn't very 514 00:23:50,470 --> 00:23:48,880 new um but uh some of the technology 515 00:23:52,630 --> 00:23:50,480 definitely is is things that have 516 00:23:56,230 --> 00:23:52,640 changed well over time 517 00:23:57,750 --> 00:23:56,240 um i think uh uh you know when i when i 518 00:23:58,390 --> 00:23:57,760 started working on topex one of the 519 00:24:00,549 --> 00:23:58,400 things i 520 00:24:03,350 --> 00:24:00,559 i worked on was the actual flight 521 00:24:06,470 --> 00:24:03,360 software uh on the topex satellite 522 00:24:08,870 --> 00:24:06,480 and um we did that all in in in the 523 00:24:10,630 --> 00:24:08,880 lowest form of computer programming that 524 00:24:12,149 --> 00:24:10,640 uh you know one could think of probably 525 00:24:14,230 --> 00:24:12,159 at that time in assembly language 526 00:24:18,070 --> 00:24:14,240 literally zeros and ones almost 527 00:24:22,549 --> 00:24:18,080 um and uh so that was a very unique but 528 00:24:24,870 --> 00:24:22,559 a very um uh much uh 529 00:24:26,070 --> 00:24:24,880 unstructured way of of doing things 530 00:24:27,590 --> 00:24:26,080 where we basically 531 00:24:30,470 --> 00:24:27,600 engineered things found the right 532 00:24:32,789 --> 00:24:30,480 solution but but didn't necessarily have 533 00:24:34,230 --> 00:24:32,799 let's say tried and true processes now 534 00:24:36,230 --> 00:24:34,240 as time has gone on 535 00:24:38,230 --> 00:24:36,240 uh you know the tools technology has 536 00:24:41,510 --> 00:24:38,240 grown but also the processes 537 00:24:43,909 --> 00:24:41,520 have grown and the processes being 538 00:24:44,789 --> 00:24:43,919 more standardized even with our 539 00:24:47,830 --> 00:24:44,799 international 540 00:24:50,950 --> 00:24:47,840 partners is something that really didn't 541 00:24:52,470 --> 00:24:50,960 exist at least that i remember but has 542 00:24:53,909 --> 00:24:52,480 really come a long way 543 00:24:56,149 --> 00:24:53,919 so that's one of the things that 544 00:24:57,510 --> 00:24:56,159 actually enables us to work with 545 00:24:59,590 --> 00:24:57,520 industrial partners but also 546 00:24:59,990 --> 00:24:59,600 international partners because we we 547 00:25:03,190 --> 00:25:00,000 apply 548 00:25:07,029 --> 00:25:03,200 a lot of standards um that we've all 549 00:25:10,149 --> 00:25:07,039 learned and prague this is the first 550 00:25:13,750 --> 00:25:10,159 nasa european space agency earth 551 00:25:15,350 --> 00:25:13,760 mission that's joint am i correct 552 00:25:17,110 --> 00:25:15,360 um you know of course nasa's been 553 00:25:18,549 --> 00:25:17,120 working with the european space agency 554 00:25:21,669 --> 00:25:18,559 in many many years but 555 00:25:23,190 --> 00:25:21,679 um this is the first with uh in earth 556 00:25:25,669 --> 00:25:23,200 science and in particular 557 00:25:27,190 --> 00:25:25,679 uh as part of their uh copernicus 558 00:25:30,549 --> 00:25:27,200 program which is a 559 00:25:32,549 --> 00:25:30,559 significant earth observation program um 560 00:25:34,230 --> 00:25:32,559 it has been um a tremendous 561 00:25:36,950 --> 00:25:34,240 collaboration i have to say 562 00:25:38,549 --> 00:25:36,960 uh right from all levels uh whether it's 563 00:25:40,950 --> 00:25:38,559 the agency management 564 00:25:41,990 --> 00:25:40,960 um but really at the project team and 565 00:25:43,830 --> 00:25:42,000 and also 566 00:25:45,830 --> 00:25:43,840 with um you know their industrial 567 00:25:48,950 --> 00:25:45,840 partner which is airbus 568 00:25:50,070 --> 00:25:48,960 we really um committed ourselves at the 569 00:25:53,430 --> 00:25:50,080 beginning of the project 570 00:25:55,750 --> 00:25:53,440 to work very very closely in a in a 571 00:25:57,909 --> 00:25:55,760 transparent collaborative manner 572 00:25:58,870 --> 00:25:57,919 and and i you know there's numerous 573 00:26:00,789 --> 00:25:58,880 instances 574 00:26:01,909 --> 00:26:00,799 as we've gone through the last few years 575 00:26:03,990 --> 00:26:01,919 where uh 576 00:26:04,950 --> 00:26:04,000 we've had challenges on one side or the 577 00:26:07,350 --> 00:26:04,960 other and 578 00:26:08,470 --> 00:26:07,360 and people have really stepped up as as 579 00:26:11,190 --> 00:26:08,480 true partners 580 00:26:13,190 --> 00:26:11,200 uh to help us solve that problem and and 581 00:26:15,029 --> 00:26:13,200 do it in a good way and and 582 00:26:16,310 --> 00:26:15,039 keep us on track which has been part of 583 00:26:21,190 --> 00:26:16,320 our 584 00:26:25,510 --> 00:26:23,269 and speaking of success we have a lot of 585 00:26:28,549 --> 00:26:25,520 questions coming in about basically how 586 00:26:30,549 --> 00:26:28,559 the satellite works six silverstones on 587 00:26:33,909 --> 00:26:30,559 twitter asks which orbit is this 588 00:26:38,110 --> 00:26:36,870 yeah so it's it's going into an orbit 589 00:26:41,269 --> 00:26:38,120 that's um 590 00:26:44,230 --> 00:26:41,279 1336 kilometers high um 591 00:26:45,269 --> 00:26:44,240 uh and it's it's an orbit um that's also 592 00:26:49,430 --> 00:26:45,279 inclined 593 00:26:51,990 --> 00:26:49,440 uh you know at uh it's at 66 degrees so 594 00:26:52,549 --> 00:26:52,000 um you know it's uh it's a particular 595 00:26:55,430 --> 00:26:52,559 orbit 596 00:26:56,310 --> 00:26:55,440 that was chosen in the days of topex 597 00:26:59,029 --> 00:26:56,320 poseidon 598 00:26:59,750 --> 00:26:59,039 um to have um to be able to cover the 599 00:27:02,470 --> 00:26:59,760 earth 600 00:27:02,789 --> 00:27:02,480 and in these tracks within 10 days uh 601 00:27:05,909 --> 00:27:02,799 but 602 00:27:07,909 --> 00:27:05,919 also to uh you know have um 603 00:27:09,430 --> 00:27:07,919 be able to use these measurements and 604 00:27:11,590 --> 00:27:09,440 correct for other 605 00:27:13,029 --> 00:27:11,600 features like tides and so forth when i 606 00:27:15,350 --> 00:27:13,039 when i described how we 607 00:27:16,789 --> 00:27:15,360 we literally take uh the sea surface 608 00:27:18,630 --> 00:27:16,799 height measurement that's true but 609 00:27:21,669 --> 00:27:18,640 there's a lot of factors 610 00:27:23,750 --> 00:27:21,679 uh that really um affect that 611 00:27:24,710 --> 00:27:23,760 the quality of that measurement and and 612 00:27:26,789 --> 00:27:24,720 accuracy 613 00:27:28,230 --> 00:27:26,799 and things like tides for example are 614 00:27:31,029 --> 00:27:28,240 are one of the factors 615 00:27:33,029 --> 00:27:31,039 which can be um corrected uh in this 616 00:27:33,990 --> 00:27:33,039 particular orbit so this this orbit was 617 00:27:37,029 --> 00:27:34,000 chosen 618 00:27:39,110 --> 00:27:37,039 very specifically for this particular 619 00:27:41,590 --> 00:27:39,120 uh type of measurement and then as a 620 00:27:42,389 --> 00:27:41,600 continuity we've kept that exact same 621 00:27:44,310 --> 00:27:42,399 orbit 622 00:27:48,149 --> 00:27:44,320 uh you know for all of the series of 623 00:27:51,110 --> 00:27:48,159 missions that we've been doing 624 00:27:53,590 --> 00:27:51,120 and myriarch on youtube asks what's the 625 00:27:57,029 --> 00:27:53,600 kind of scale of the data you look at 626 00:28:01,350 --> 00:27:59,909 yeah i mean um if if the scale means um 627 00:28:02,549 --> 00:28:01,360 something like you know what what sort 628 00:28:05,750 --> 00:28:02,559 of volumes of 629 00:28:09,190 --> 00:28:05,760 of data that we're we're looking at um 630 00:28:11,909 --> 00:28:09,200 but you know the the data that we're 631 00:28:13,590 --> 00:28:11,919 first measuring is is literally uh you 632 00:28:15,269 --> 00:28:13,600 know what we call level zero data it's 633 00:28:18,149 --> 00:28:15,279 literally the raw data 634 00:28:18,789 --> 00:28:18,159 as as the instruments are putting out 635 00:28:20,549 --> 00:28:18,799 and 636 00:28:22,549 --> 00:28:20,559 um the first challenge is collecting all 637 00:28:23,110 --> 00:28:22,559 of that data and transmitting it to the 638 00:28:26,630 --> 00:28:23,120 ground 639 00:28:27,669 --> 00:28:26,640 so uh you know over the course of a day 640 00:28:29,430 --> 00:28:27,679 of an orbit 641 00:28:31,110 --> 00:28:29,440 we're trying to downlink you know as 642 00:28:33,990 --> 00:28:31,120 much data as we can 643 00:28:35,830 --> 00:28:34,000 uh you know somewhere uh close to where 644 00:28:37,510 --> 00:28:35,840 we're we're trying to downlink um you 645 00:28:39,510 --> 00:28:37,520 know several hundred megabits 646 00:28:41,830 --> 00:28:39,520 per second which you know on your 647 00:28:43,909 --> 00:28:41,840 computer on google might not sound 648 00:28:46,549 --> 00:28:43,919 a lot if you know some of the the the 649 00:28:49,510 --> 00:28:46,559 specifications but doing it from space 650 00:28:51,269 --> 00:28:49,520 uh and we and and doing it you know in a 651 00:28:53,029 --> 00:28:51,279 timely manner in a robust manner where 652 00:28:55,430 --> 00:28:53,039 we also don't lose that data 653 00:28:57,909 --> 00:28:55,440 in the in the transmission uh is is 654 00:28:59,269 --> 00:28:57,919 quite a challenge and on sentinel 6 655 00:29:01,830 --> 00:28:59,279 because we've enhanced some of this 656 00:29:03,909 --> 00:29:01,840 capability uh you know that that data 657 00:29:05,750 --> 00:29:03,919 rate has grown significantly 658 00:29:07,190 --> 00:29:05,760 uh more than more than doubled or 659 00:29:09,110 --> 00:29:07,200 tripled what we've had 660 00:29:10,310 --> 00:29:09,120 in the in the past missions but our 661 00:29:12,230 --> 00:29:10,320 technologies have also 662 00:29:14,549 --> 00:29:12,240 improved so that we can process that 663 00:29:15,909 --> 00:29:14,559 data and also produce the products and 664 00:29:17,590 --> 00:29:15,919 transfer them 665 00:29:20,070 --> 00:29:17,600 you know really within within three 666 00:29:23,190 --> 00:29:21,590 that's really exciting what a great 667 00:29:26,389 --> 00:29:23,200 turnaround stitchin 668 00:29:27,190 --> 00:29:26,399 on youtube asks will sentinel 6 be able 669 00:29:30,789 --> 00:29:27,200 to measure 670 00:29:35,029 --> 00:29:33,350 yeah so this is not something sentinel 6 671 00:29:36,470 --> 00:29:35,039 can do 672 00:29:38,310 --> 00:29:36,480 in terms of being able to measure 673 00:29:40,950 --> 00:29:38,320 underneath sea ice but 674 00:29:42,470 --> 00:29:40,960 you know the study of sea ice um uh is 675 00:29:43,830 --> 00:29:42,480 being conducted by by a lot of 676 00:29:46,710 --> 00:29:43,840 scientists and 677 00:29:47,830 --> 00:29:46,720 uh they are all using measurements 678 00:29:49,669 --> 00:29:47,840 including they will be using 679 00:29:52,630 --> 00:29:49,679 measurements from sentinel six 680 00:29:55,510 --> 00:29:52,640 to really understand um what's happening 681 00:29:57,909 --> 00:29:55,520 at the at the very top layers of 682 00:29:59,830 --> 00:29:57,919 of the sea ice but also what's happening 683 00:30:01,590 --> 00:29:59,840 at the edges of of a lot of these sea 684 00:30:04,389 --> 00:30:01,600 ice because there's a lot of 685 00:30:04,789 --> 00:30:04,399 ocean interaction with with the sea ice 686 00:30:08,070 --> 00:30:04,799 and 687 00:30:10,789 --> 00:30:08,080 to 688 00:30:12,149 --> 00:30:10,799 help understand uh what that interaction 689 00:30:14,389 --> 00:30:12,159 is some of that 690 00:30:15,190 --> 00:30:14,399 you know is being looked at um in terms 691 00:30:18,389 --> 00:30:15,200 of 692 00:30:20,870 --> 00:30:18,399 how they're changing 693 00:30:22,310 --> 00:30:20,880 uh and and sometimes how they're 694 00:30:25,669 --> 00:30:22,320 diminishing 695 00:30:27,750 --> 00:30:25,679 so all of this data is very important 696 00:30:29,029 --> 00:30:27,760 and is is being utilized and is being 697 00:30:31,990 --> 00:30:29,039 planned to be utilized 698 00:30:35,430 --> 00:30:32,000 even further uh for for even study of of 699 00:30:37,990 --> 00:30:35,440 sea ice glaciers et cetera 700 00:30:41,510 --> 00:30:38,000 navid on youtube asks can we measure 701 00:30:43,990 --> 00:30:41,520 rivers using sentinel 6. 702 00:30:46,070 --> 00:30:44,000 yeah so uh i was mentioning earlier you 703 00:30:47,990 --> 00:30:46,080 know this is one of the things um 704 00:30:49,110 --> 00:30:48,000 that's not part of our our normal 705 00:30:51,110 --> 00:30:49,120 mission uh 706 00:30:52,389 --> 00:30:51,120 objective we're really focusing on the 707 00:30:54,789 --> 00:30:52,399 on the oceans and 708 00:30:55,750 --> 00:30:54,799 uh and so forth but we are taking data 709 00:30:58,149 --> 00:30:55,760 over um 710 00:30:59,190 --> 00:30:58,159 surface waters rivers being one of them 711 00:31:01,269 --> 00:30:59,200 um now 712 00:31:02,230 --> 00:31:01,279 our satellite and the instruments aren't 713 00:31:04,149 --> 00:31:02,240 tuned to 714 00:31:05,430 --> 00:31:04,159 to measure you know every water body 715 00:31:07,669 --> 00:31:05,440 that's there so 716 00:31:09,669 --> 00:31:07,679 uh we are able to take uh measurements 717 00:31:12,870 --> 00:31:09,679 on rivers particularly if they're 718 00:31:14,630 --> 00:31:12,880 uh very large rivers uh and and be able 719 00:31:16,870 --> 00:31:14,640 to use those and those measurements are 720 00:31:18,710 --> 00:31:16,880 being taken and and being used 721 00:31:20,310 --> 00:31:18,720 uh you know there will be future 722 00:31:23,269 --> 00:31:20,320 technologies uh one of the 723 00:31:24,950 --> 00:31:23,279 the projects i'm also excited about is 724 00:31:28,710 --> 00:31:24,960 called swat in the future 725 00:31:30,870 --> 00:31:28,720 uh which will really look at much more 726 00:31:32,950 --> 00:31:30,880 precise measurements uh you know 727 00:31:36,549 --> 00:31:32,960 particularly on surface waters but this 728 00:31:38,470 --> 00:31:36,559 data from sentinel 6 will be a very big 729 00:31:39,669 --> 00:31:38,480 pathfinder towards being able to to 730 00:31:43,430 --> 00:31:39,679 fully uh 731 00:31:46,630 --> 00:31:45,750 now 2020 has given a lot of us many 732 00:31:48,870 --> 00:31:46,640 curveballs 733 00:31:50,310 --> 00:31:48,880 russ on facebook asks what is the 734 00:31:53,990 --> 00:31:50,320 biggest surprise 735 00:31:55,110 --> 00:31:54,000 2020 has given your team 736 00:31:58,149 --> 00:31:55,120 right well i think it's the biggest 737 00:32:01,509 --> 00:31:58,159 surprise uh the world has experienced 738 00:32:04,549 --> 00:32:01,519 of course with uh with the pandemic and 739 00:32:06,710 --> 00:32:04,559 um uh you know it was also another 740 00:32:07,669 --> 00:32:06,720 spirit of of cooperation when that 741 00:32:11,190 --> 00:32:07,679 happened because 742 00:32:14,230 --> 00:32:11,200 um i think uh the first reaction 743 00:32:15,509 --> 00:32:14,240 from um uh from our our partners and our 744 00:32:18,230 --> 00:32:15,519 project team 745 00:32:19,430 --> 00:32:18,240 wasn't um you know how how do we throw 746 00:32:21,590 --> 00:32:19,440 up our hands and give up 747 00:32:23,909 --> 00:32:21,600 it was actually exactly the opposite is 748 00:32:24,789 --> 00:32:23,919 yes we we want to be safe we want to 749 00:32:27,509 --> 00:32:24,799 keep everybody 750 00:32:28,389 --> 00:32:27,519 safe but are there ways that we can work 751 00:32:31,190 --> 00:32:28,399 together 752 00:32:33,029 --> 00:32:31,200 to to continue our progress so i think 753 00:32:35,830 --> 00:32:33,039 right from i remember about march 754 00:32:37,269 --> 00:32:35,840 22nd i remember it very well in terms of 755 00:32:40,389 --> 00:32:37,279 the exact date 756 00:32:43,269 --> 00:32:40,399 we worked very closely with our partners 757 00:32:43,669 --> 00:32:43,279 to figure out ways and and i have to say 758 00:32:45,750 --> 00:32:43,679 uh 759 00:32:47,110 --> 00:32:45,760 you know in the past when under normal 760 00:32:50,149 --> 00:32:47,120 circumstances 761 00:32:52,470 --> 00:32:50,159 uh when i might talk to um a person 762 00:32:55,110 --> 00:32:52,480 whether it's because of i.t 763 00:32:56,389 --> 00:32:55,120 issues challenges the answer would be no 764 00:32:58,310 --> 00:32:56,399 and now the answer 765 00:32:59,830 --> 00:32:58,320 you know pretty much from everybody is 766 00:33:02,310 --> 00:32:59,840 you know how can i help 767 00:33:03,190 --> 00:33:02,320 uh and that was really the spirit um 768 00:33:06,149 --> 00:33:03,200 that helped us 769 00:33:06,950 --> 00:33:06,159 continue uh you know it it uh it did 770 00:33:10,149 --> 00:33:06,960 take effort 771 00:33:11,190 --> 00:33:10,159 sacrifice uh long hours of things that 772 00:33:13,830 --> 00:33:11,200 had to be done 773 00:33:15,669 --> 00:33:13,840 maybe more slowly but really the 774 00:33:17,430 --> 00:33:15,679 objective was always you know how can we 775 00:33:18,789 --> 00:33:17,440 help to keep things moving forward which 776 00:33:21,990 --> 00:33:18,799 was amazing 777 00:33:24,630 --> 00:33:22,000 um because this was really a 778 00:33:26,950 --> 00:33:24,640 another demonstration of our partnership 779 00:33:28,710 --> 00:33:26,960 spirit 780 00:33:30,710 --> 00:33:28,720 and especially since you had so many 781 00:33:32,470 --> 00:33:30,720 different time zones to work throughout 782 00:33:35,830 --> 00:33:32,480 so you guys did an amazing 783 00:33:37,509 --> 00:33:35,840 job now gerard on youtube asks how many 784 00:33:39,990 --> 00:33:37,519 total years of data 785 00:33:42,149 --> 00:33:40,000 do you have and parag maybe you can also 786 00:33:44,230 --> 00:33:42,159 go into the future now that there are 787 00:33:46,310 --> 00:33:44,240 two satellites that sentinel is a part 788 00:33:52,149 --> 00:33:46,320 of 789 00:33:53,750 --> 00:33:52,159 the data record as it stands today you 790 00:33:55,590 --> 00:33:53,760 know started back with uh 791 00:33:57,909 --> 00:33:55,600 topex poseidon and as we've been saying 792 00:34:00,549 --> 00:33:57,919 we've got almost 30 years of data 793 00:34:02,310 --> 00:34:00,559 um you know our plan for sentinel 6 is 794 00:34:04,630 --> 00:34:02,320 is to have two satellites built 795 00:34:06,310 --> 00:34:04,640 one launched now and and then the other 796 00:34:07,190 --> 00:34:06,320 put in storage and launched five years 797 00:34:10,470 --> 00:34:07,200 from now 798 00:34:11,829 --> 00:34:10,480 uh so uh the primary mission life of of 799 00:34:13,750 --> 00:34:11,839 each of these satellites 800 00:34:14,950 --> 00:34:13,760 is is at least five and a half years 801 00:34:16,230 --> 00:34:14,960 although um 802 00:34:18,230 --> 00:34:16,240 i think every single one of our 803 00:34:18,550 --> 00:34:18,240 satellites that we built uh thankfully 804 00:34:23,669 --> 00:34:18,560 has 805 00:34:27,109 --> 00:34:23,679 plan is is basically to 806 00:34:30,149 --> 00:34:27,119 operate um and and get at least um 807 00:34:32,710 --> 00:34:30,159 11 years of of total mission um 808 00:34:34,389 --> 00:34:32,720 life and continuity out of it we're 809 00:34:36,710 --> 00:34:34,399 expecting that um 810 00:34:38,550 --> 00:34:36,720 sentinel six uh mike freilich is is 811 00:34:39,349 --> 00:34:38,560 gonna not only last the five and a half 812 00:34:41,270 --> 00:34:39,359 years but 813 00:34:43,430 --> 00:34:41,280 actually go beyond that um we're 814 00:34:45,270 --> 00:34:43,440 expecting uh probably for another two 815 00:34:47,829 --> 00:34:45,280 year extension as a goal 816 00:34:48,310 --> 00:34:47,839 uh for each of these so in all total you 817 00:34:52,389 --> 00:34:48,320 know 818 00:34:54,389 --> 00:34:52,399 if uh if we're somewhat 819 00:34:55,990 --> 00:34:54,399 have done a great job on the engineering 820 00:34:58,390 --> 00:34:56,000 side and somewhat lucky 821 00:34:59,750 --> 00:34:58,400 uh you know we're really expecting uh 822 00:35:01,589 --> 00:34:59,760 things to go out 823 00:35:03,030 --> 00:35:01,599 maybe up to 15 years but that doesn't 824 00:35:05,750 --> 00:35:03,040 mean that 825 00:35:06,870 --> 00:35:05,760 we want to rely on that and and that 826 00:35:09,190 --> 00:35:06,880 only 827 00:35:10,550 --> 00:35:09,200 because we really like to have this 828 00:35:12,710 --> 00:35:10,560 overlap between 829 00:35:13,829 --> 00:35:12,720 an existing uh satellite and a new 830 00:35:15,510 --> 00:35:13,839 satellite so 831 00:35:17,270 --> 00:35:15,520 part of that you know anywhere between 832 00:35:19,990 --> 00:35:17,280 11 and 15 years is 833 00:35:21,030 --> 00:35:20,000 is making sure that we are have a have a 834 00:35:24,390 --> 00:35:21,040 good overlap 835 00:35:27,430 --> 00:35:24,400 and that we can um ensure continuity and 836 00:35:29,589 --> 00:35:27,440 continuity of how precise and accurate 837 00:35:31,270 --> 00:35:29,599 the measurement is 838 00:35:33,430 --> 00:35:31,280 yes as we've said over and over a 839 00:35:36,150 --> 00:35:33,440 continuity consistency 840 00:35:37,670 --> 00:35:36,160 that's what makes it move forward when 841 00:35:39,349 --> 00:35:37,680 it comes to understanding 842 00:35:41,430 --> 00:35:39,359 sea level rise we've got a great 843 00:35:44,710 --> 00:35:41,440 question from reese on facebook 844 00:35:45,349 --> 00:35:44,720 hi parag rhys from orbital here will 845 00:35:48,150 --> 00:35:45,359 there be 846 00:35:51,990 --> 00:35:48,160 coincident science between sentinel 6 847 00:35:56,710 --> 00:35:55,030 um you know i i think uh i i don't know 848 00:35:59,990 --> 00:35:56,720 the exact answer to that so 849 00:36:02,150 --> 00:36:00,000 i'll be uh direct but what i do know 850 00:36:03,750 --> 00:36:02,160 is and and what we are trying to do 851 00:36:06,069 --> 00:36:03,760 across all of these um 852 00:36:07,270 --> 00:36:06,079 these systems is we're of course trying 853 00:36:09,910 --> 00:36:07,280 to gather data 854 00:36:11,670 --> 00:36:09,920 uh about um continuity of the of the 855 00:36:14,230 --> 00:36:11,680 oceans and sea surface height 856 00:36:14,950 --> 00:36:14,240 but really um you know what i've seen as 857 00:36:20,790 --> 00:36:14,960 a change 858 00:36:21,270 --> 00:36:20,800 emphasis particularly in the last five 859 00:36:25,670 --> 00:36:21,280 ten 860 00:36:28,630 --> 00:36:25,680 scientific community 861 00:36:31,030 --> 00:36:28,640 is really the combination of uh of 862 00:36:34,390 --> 00:36:31,040 measurements from various platforms 863 00:36:34,950 --> 00:36:34,400 not just satellites uh like oco2 but but 864 00:36:37,109 --> 00:36:34,960 the the 865 00:36:39,030 --> 00:36:37,119 the answer is is that people ultimately 866 00:36:40,550 --> 00:36:39,040 sort of the holy grail thereafter 867 00:36:42,150 --> 00:36:40,560 is really trying to understand how the 868 00:36:45,510 --> 00:36:42,160 earth works and that means 869 00:36:48,150 --> 00:36:45,520 uh it's the atmosphere it's it's the uh 870 00:36:48,870 --> 00:36:48,160 it's the ocean and understanding that 871 00:36:51,910 --> 00:36:48,880 connection and 872 00:36:54,550 --> 00:36:51,920 relation is something i definitely know 873 00:36:55,910 --> 00:36:54,560 will be utilized by by by the science 874 00:36:58,230 --> 00:36:55,920 community 875 00:36:59,109 --> 00:36:58,240 by the way nice to hear from somebody at 876 00:37:02,390 --> 00:36:59,119 orbital which 877 00:37:04,150 --> 00:37:02,400 uh was uh was somebody an organization i 878 00:37:07,109 --> 00:37:04,160 worked with as part of 879 00:37:09,030 --> 00:37:07,119 of topex poseidon so nice to hear from 880 00:37:10,790 --> 00:37:09,040 you 881 00:37:12,710 --> 00:37:10,800 and our last question's from barbara on 882 00:37:14,950 --> 00:37:12,720 facebook she wants to know will this 883 00:37:16,790 --> 00:37:14,960 data be shared with zooniverse 884 00:37:20,710 --> 00:37:16,800 to give citizen scientists the 885 00:37:24,310 --> 00:37:22,870 yeah so i'm i'm not very familiar with 886 00:37:27,990 --> 00:37:24,320 uh with that particular 887 00:37:31,829 --> 00:37:28,000 um outlet but um what i what i would say 888 00:37:34,310 --> 00:37:31,839 is that um you know our objective is to 889 00:37:34,950 --> 00:37:34,320 make this data uh fully and freely 890 00:37:38,069 --> 00:37:34,960 available 891 00:37:40,870 --> 00:37:38,079 so you know we're really trying to 892 00:37:42,470 --> 00:37:40,880 not only promote and advertise where 893 00:37:46,630 --> 00:37:42,480 this data is available 894 00:37:49,349 --> 00:37:46,640 but also that you know this data can be 895 00:37:49,990 --> 00:37:49,359 downloaded hosted in in many different 896 00:37:53,030 --> 00:37:50,000 areas and 897 00:37:55,910 --> 00:37:53,040 platforms uh by many different um 898 00:37:57,589 --> 00:37:55,920 organizations so uh you know if we are 899 00:38:00,069 --> 00:37:57,599 not making that connection 900 00:38:02,069 --> 00:38:00,079 uh please reach out to us because we're 901 00:38:03,910 --> 00:38:02,079 very excited to make a connection 902 00:38:05,190 --> 00:38:03,920 with anybody and everybody and 903 00:38:08,630 --> 00:38:05,200 facilitate that 904 00:38:12,710 --> 00:38:10,310 well thank you so much for all of you 905 00:38:14,710 --> 00:38:12,720 folks who reached out on social media 906 00:38:17,190 --> 00:38:14,720 and joined us today and thank you so 907 00:38:19,589 --> 00:38:17,200 much for joining us prague 908 00:38:21,510 --> 00:38:19,599 you're welcome it was a pleasure uh it 909 00:38:22,310 --> 00:38:21,520 was really great to talk about this 910 00:38:25,589 --> 00:38:22,320 project and 911 00:38:26,950 --> 00:38:25,599 uh look forward to the launch we are all 912 00:38:28,630 --> 00:38:26,960 looking forward to the launch 913 00:38:30,550 --> 00:38:28,640 the sentinel 6 michael freilick 914 00:38:32,390 --> 00:38:30,560 satellite is a true international 915 00:38:33,030 --> 00:38:32,400 collaboration as you heard parag 916 00:38:34,790 --> 00:38:33,040 mentioned 917 00:38:36,710 --> 00:38:34,800 it is being jointly developed by the 918 00:38:39,430 --> 00:38:36,720 european space agency 919 00:38:42,150 --> 00:38:39,440 nasa the european organization for the 920 00:38:44,470 --> 00:38:42,160 exploration of meteorological satellites 921 00:38:46,630 --> 00:38:44,480 and the national oceanic and atmospheric 922 00:38:48,390 --> 00:38:46,640 administration with funding support 923 00:38:50,390 --> 00:38:48,400 from the european commission and 924 00:38:53,190 --> 00:38:50,400 technical support from the french 925 00:38:54,950 --> 00:38:53,200 space agency canes the sentinel 6 926 00:38:56,470 --> 00:38:54,960 michael freilix satellite is scheduled 927 00:38:58,550 --> 00:38:56,480 to launch on november 928 00:39:00,870 --> 00:38:58,560 10th for the latest on the mission 929 00:39:03,589 --> 00:39:00,880 follow at nasa earth on twitter 930 00:39:05,349 --> 00:39:03,599 facebook and instagram you can watch all 931 00:39:07,750 --> 00:39:05,359 of the behind the spacecraft video 932 00:39:09,829 --> 00:39:07,760 profiles on the nasa 360 933 00:39:11,829 --> 00:39:09,839 youtube channel we will be doing q and 934 00:39:13,589 --> 00:39:11,839 a's with sentinel 6 michael freilick 935 00:39:14,310 --> 00:39:13,599 satellite team members on wednesday 936 00:39:16,310 --> 00:39:14,320 afternoons 937 00:39:19,109 --> 00:39:16,320 for the next couple of weeks so please 938 00:39:21,990 --> 00:39:19,119 follow and subscribe for notifications 939 00:39:22,710 --> 00:39:22,000 at nasa earth science your home is our